This book offers an introduction to the study of childhood, child development and adolescence. It aims to develop understanding about children of different age groups from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. The main focus of this book is to enable students, teachers, teacher-educators, student-teachers and parents to arrive at an understanding of how different socio-political realities construct different childhoods, within children’s lived contexts: family, schools, neighbourhoods and community. The book deals with the concepts of childhood to adolescence and also defines the numerous aspects of child growth and development. It describes the principles, facts and details of personality development and discusses the related theories as constructed in different social-economic and cultural settings. The book may be useful for all having interest in the subject.